1 Samuel 25:30

25:30 The Lord will do for my lord everything that he promised you, ¹  and he will make ²  you a leader over Israel.

1 Samuel 25:2

David Marries Abigail the Widow of Nabal

25:2 There was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel. This man was very wealthy; ³  he owned three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. At that time he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

1 Samuel 5:2

5:2 The Philistines took the ark of God and brought it into the temple of Dagon, where they positioned it beside Dagon.

Mazmur 18:44

18:44 When they hear of my exploits, they submit to me. ⁴ 

Foreigners are powerless ⁵  before me;

Yesaya 16:5

16:5 Then a trustworthy king will be established;

he will rule in a reliable manner,

this one from David’s family. ⁶ 

He will be sure to make just decisions

and will be experienced in executing justice. ⁷ 

Yesaya 55:4

55:4 Look, I made him a witness to nations, ⁸ 

a ruler and commander of nations.”

Yeremia 30:9

30:9 But they will be subject ⁹  to the Lord their God

and to the Davidic ruler whom I will raise up as king over them. ¹⁰ 

Yehezkiel 34:23-24

34:23 I will set one shepherd over them, and he will feed them – namely, my servant David. ¹¹  He will feed them and will be their shepherd. 34:24 I, the Lord, will be their God, and my servant David will be prince ¹²  among them; I, the Lord, have spoken!

Yehezkiel 37:24

37:24 “‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow ¹³  my regulations and carefully observe my statutes. ¹⁴ 

Daniel 9:25

9:25 So know and understand:

From the issuing of the command ¹⁵  to restore and rebuild

Jerusalem ¹⁶  until an anointed one, a prince arrives, ¹⁷ 

there will be a period of seven weeks ¹⁸  and sixty-two weeks.

It will again be built, ¹⁹  with plaza and moat,

but in distressful times.

Hosea 3:5

3:5 Afterward, the Israelites will turn and seek the Lord their God and their Davidic king. ²⁰  Then they will submit to the Lord in fear and receive his blessings ²¹  in the future. ²² 

Mikha 5:1

5:1 (4:14) ²³  But now slash yourself, ²⁴  daughter surrounded by soldiers! ²⁵ 

We are besieged!

With a scepter ²⁶  they strike Israel’s ruler ²⁷ 

on the side of his face.

[25:30]  ¹ tn Heb “according to all which he spoke, the good concerning you.”

[25:30]  ² tn Heb “appoint.”

[25:2]  ³ tn Heb “great.”

[18:44]  ⁴ tn Heb “at a report of an ear they submit to me.” The report of the psalmist’s exploits is so impressive that those who hear it submit to his rulership without putting up a fight.

[18:44]  ⁵ tn For the meaning “be weak, powerless” for כָּחַשׁ (kakhash), see Ps 109:24. The next line (see v. 45a), in which “foreigners” are also mentioned, favors this interpretation. Another option is to translate “cower in fear” (see Deut 33:29; Pss 66:3; 81:15; cf. NIV “cringe”; NRSV “came cringing”).

[16:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “and a throne will be established in faithfulness, and he will sit on it in reliability, in the tent of David.”

[16:5]  ⁷ tn Heb “one who judges and seeks justice, and one experienced in fairness.” Many understand מְהִר (mÿhir) to mean “quick, prompt” (see BDB 555 s.v. מָהִיר), but HALOT 552 s.v. מָהִיר offers the meaning “skillful, experienced,” and translates the phrase in v. 5 “zealous for what is right.”

[55:4]  ⁸ sn Ideally the Davidic king was to testify to the nations of God’s greatness (cf. Pss 18:50 HT [18:49 ET]; 22:28 HT [22:27 ET]). See J. H. Eaton, Kingship in the Psalms (SBT), 182-84.

[30:9]  ⁹ tn The word “subject” in this verse and “subjugate” are from the same root word in Hebrew. A deliberate contrast is drawn between the two powers that they will serve.

[30:9]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and to David their king whom I will raise up for them.”

[30:9]  sn The Davidic ruler which I will raise up as king over them refers to a descendant of David who would be raised up over a regathered and reunited Israel and Judah. He is called “David” in Hos 3:5, Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-25 and referred to as a shoot or sprig of Jesse in Isa 11:1, 10 and a “righteous branch” springing from David (the Davidic line). He is called “David” because he is from the Davidic line and because David is the type of the ideal king whom the prophets looked forward to. See further the study notes on 23:5 for this ideal king and for his relation to the NT fulfillment in the person of Jesus the Christ.

[34:23]  ¹¹ sn The messianic king is here called “David” (see Jer 30:9 and Hos 3:5, as well as Isa 11:1 and Mic 5:2) because he will fulfill the Davidic royal ideal depicted in the prophets and royal psalms (see Ps 2, 89).

[34:24]  ¹² sn The messianic king (“David”) is called both “king” and “prince” in 37:24-25. The use of the term “prince” for this king facilitates the contrast between this ideal ruler and the Davidic “princes” denounced in earlier prophecies (see 7:27; 12:10, 12; 19:1; 21:25; 22:6, 25).

[37:24]  ¹³ tn Heb “walk [in].”

[37:24]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and my statutes they will guard and they will do them.”

[9:25]  ¹⁵ tn Or “decree” (NASB, NIV); or “word” (NAB, NRSV).

[9:25]  ¹⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[9:25]  ¹⁷ tn The word “arrives” is added in the translation for clarification.

[9:25]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “sevens” (also later in this line and in v. 26).

[9:25]  sn The accents in the MT indicate disjunction at this point, which would make it difficult, if not impossible, to identify the “anointed one/prince” of this verse as messianic. The reference in v. 26 to the sixty-two weeks as a unit favors the MT accentuation, not the traditional translation. If one follows the MT accentuation, one may translate “From the going forth of the message to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks. During a period of sixty-two weeks it will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times.” The present translation follows a traditional reading of the passage that deviates from the MT accentuation.

[9:25]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “it will return and be built.” The expression is a verbal hendiadys.

[3:5]  ²⁰ tn Heb “David their king”; cf. NCV “the king from David’s family”; TEV “a descendant of David their king”; NLT “David’s descendant, their king.”

[3:5]  sn It is not clear whether Hosea was predicting a restoration of Davidic kingship over Israel and Judah (e.g., Jer 17:25; 22:2) or referring to the ultimate Davidic king, namely, the Messiah, who will fulfill the conditions of the Davidic covenant and inaugurate/fulfill the blessings of the Davidic covenant for Israel. The Messiah is frequently pictured as the “New David” because he would fulfill the ideals of the Davidic covenant and be everything that David and his descendants were commissioned to be (e.g., Isa 9:7[6]; 16:5; Jer 23:5-6; 30:9; 33:15-16; Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-25).

[3:5]  ²¹ tn Heb “his goodness”; NLT “his good gifts.”

[3:5]  ²² tn Heb “in the end of the days.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NLT “in the last days.”

[5:1]  ²³ sn Beginning with 5:1, the verse numbers through 5:15 in the English Bible differ by one from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 5:1 ET = 4:14 HT, 5:2 ET = 5:1 HT, 5:3 ET = 5:2 HT, etc., through 5:15 ET = 5:14 HT. From 6:1 the verse numbers in the English Bible and the Hebrew Bible are again the same.

[5:1]  ²⁴ tn The Hebrew verb גָדַד (gadad) can be translated “slash yourself” or “gather in troops.” A number of English translations are based on the latter meaning (e.g., NASB, NIV, NLT).

[5:1]  sn Slash yourself. Slashing one’s body was a form of mourning. See Deut 14:1; 1 Kgs 18:28; Jer 16:6; 41:5; 47:5.

[5:1]  ²⁵ tn Heb “daughter of a troop of warriors.”

[5:1]  sn The daughter surrounded by soldiers is an image of the city of Jerusalem under siege (note the address “Daughter Jerusalem” in 4:8).

[5:1]  ²⁶ tn Or “staff”; KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “rod”; CEV “stick”; NCV “club.”

[5:1]  sn Striking a king with a scepter, a symbol of rulership, would be especially ironic and humiliating.

[5:1]  ²⁷ tn Traditionally, “the judge of Israel” (so KJV, NASB).